Glossary

The working vocabulary of mineral rights.

Every term you'll encounter while researching mineral ownership, reading a title chain, or building a run sheet.

Runsheet (Chain of Title)

The chronological sequence of documents — deeds, patents, probates, leases — that transfer ownership of a parcel from the original patent to the current owner.

Run Sheet

A structured summary listing every recorded document affecting title for a given parcel — the working document a landman uses while building a title opinion.

Severed Mineral Rights

Mineral rights that have been legally separated from the surface estate and conveyed independently — the core reason mineral ownership research is complicated.

Mineral Deed

A recorded instrument that conveys ownership of mineral rights (oil, gas, coal, hard-rock minerals) from one party to another.

Fractional Mineral Ownership

The common situation where mineral rights are owned in undivided fractional interests — the math problem at the heart of mineral title work.

OGDP Filing (Oil & Gas Development Plan)

A regulatory filing submitted to the COGCC outlining a planned drilling development in Colorado — the leading public signal for near-term drilling activity.

COGCC / ECMC

Colorado's oil and gas regulator — historically the Colorado Oil & Gas Conservation Commission, rebranded in 2023 to the Energy & Carbon Management Commission.

PLSS (Public Land Survey System)

The grid-based land description system used across the western United States — township, range, section, quarter — the coordinate system of mineral title.

JTWROS (Joint Tenancy with Right of Survivorship)

A co-ownership form where, on the death of one owner, their interest automatically passes to the surviving co-owners without probate.

Probate

The court process that settles a deceased person's estate — a critical source of title chain links when mineral interests pass to heirs.

Skip Trace

The investigative process of locating current addresses, phone numbers, and contact info for mineral owners or their heirs.

Mineral Lead

A specific mineral owner identified as a high-priority acquisition target — the unit of work for a mineral brokerage.