A mineral deed transfers fee ownership of the mineral estate. Unlike a lease — which grants temporary rights to explore and produce — a mineral deed conveys permanent ownership, including the right to lease to operators in the future.
Mineral deeds can convey 100% of the minerals or a fractional interest (e.g., an undivided 1/16th). Many deeds reserve or except specific minerals, leading to complex fractional ownership structures that must be unwound during title research.
When building a runsheet, every mineral deed in the grantor-grantee index must be reviewed to confirm what fraction was conveyed and whether any prior conveyances or reservations affected that fraction.
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